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This article will focus on the subspecies alpina ssp. caucasica, as it is the most common in Atlantic Canada.
Pronunciation: “Arabis” is pronounced as uh-RAY-bis
Appearance and Characteristics
Appearance
Growth Form: This subspecies typically forms compact, low-growing tufts or clumps. It’s a perennial herb, meaning it lives for more than two years, and exhibits a growth pattern adapted to harsh, mountainous environments.
Leaves: The leaves of Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica are mostly basal, forming a rosette at the base of the stem. They are generally small and can vary in shape, but often they are oblong or lanceolate (lance-shaped). The leaves on the flowering stems are smaller and fewer in number.
Flowers: The flowers are one of the most striking features of this subspecies. They are typically white, sometimes with a hint of pale pink, and are borne on erect, slender stems above the foliage. The flowers are small, with four petals arranged in a cross shape, characteristic of the Brassicaceae family.
Size: The plant is generally not very tall, often staying under 12 in. in height, which is an adaptation to its windy, high-altitude environment.
Characteristics
Habitat Adaptation: Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica is adapted to survive in alpine and subalpine environments. It thrives in rocky, well-drained soils and can often be found in crevices and rocky slopes where other plants might struggle to survive.
Hardiness: This subspecies is known for its hardiness, able to withstand cold temperatures and harsh conditions typical of high mountain regions.
Flowering and Seed Production: The flowering period is usually in the late spring to early summer, depending on the altitude and climatic conditions. After flowering, the plant produces seed pods, which are also typical of the Brassicaceae family.
Ecological Role: In its native habitat, Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica supports local biodiversity, providing food for pollinators and contributing to soil stability in its rugged terrain.
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
|
Botanical Name |
Arabis |
|
Family |
Brassicaceae |
|
Hardiness Zones |
3 (USDA) |
|
Plant Type |
Perennial |
|
Mature Size |
H: 6 - 8" S: 1 - 2' |
|
Light Requirements |
Full Sun |
|
Season of Interest |
Spring (Late) to Fall (Early) |
Planting and Care
Planting Time: The best time to plant Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica is in the spring or autumn. This timing allows the plant to establish itself during moderate temperatures.
Soil Requirements: This subspecies prefers well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. It thrives in poor to moderately fertile soils, which mimic its natural alpine habitat.
Watering: Once established, Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica is drought-tolerant. However, during the initial growth period and in very dry conditions, regular watering is beneficial. Ensure the soil is not waterlogged to prevent root rot.
Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade is ideal. This plant is adapted to bright, open spaces but can tolerate light shade.
Fertilizing: Minimal fertilization is required. If necessary, a light application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the early spring can promote healthy growth.
Propagation: Propagation can be done by seed or by dividing established clumps. Spring is the best time for division.
Perfect Settings for Growth
Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica thrives best in settings that replicate its natural alpine habitat. This includes rock gardens, where its capacity to grow in rocky, well-drained soils is maximized, and alpine beds or trough gardens, where it can coexist beautifully with other alpine species. The plant’s low-growing nature also makes it an excellent choice for border fronts or as edging in garden beds, adding structure and elegance.
For those with limited space, Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica adapts well to container gardening, perfect for patios or balconies, provided the containers ensure adequate drainage.
Its role in stabilizing soil also makes it a suitable option for planting on slopes or banks, helping to control erosion.
Potential Challenges
Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica, though hardy, may face some challenges in cultivation:
Waterlogging and Drainage Issues: This plant is prone to root rot in waterlogged conditions due to its preference for well-drained soils.
Heat Sensitivity: It may struggle in very hot or humid climates, as it is adapted to cooler alpine temperatures.
Pests and Diseases: While generally pest-resistant, it can be affected by aphids and is susceptible to fungal diseases like powdery mildew, especially in humid conditions.
Soil Fertility Requirements: Extremely poor soils can limit its growth, but it also does not require or tolerate heavy fertilization.
Competition in Gardens: It can be overshadowed or outcompeted by more aggressive plants in a garden setting.
Noteworthy Species and Cultivars
There are ~100 species of Arabis. Most are weedy, with only a few suitable as garden ornamentals.
Conclusion
Fun facts:
Cruciferous Family Member: Arabis is part of the Brassicaceae family, which also includes vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, and kale. This makes them distant relatives to some of our favorite vegetables!
Soil Stabilizers: Their root systems help stabilize soil in rocky areas, preventing erosion and aiding in habitat conservation.
Genetic Studies: Arabis alpina has been a subject of genetic research, particularly in studying plant adaptation to cold environments, offering insights into how plants respond to climate change.
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