Aconitum (Monkshood)

Claudia Parrott
October 30, 2023

Fun Fact: Did you know that Aconitum, commonly known as Monkshood, gets its name from the shape of the flower’s sepals, which resemble a monk’s cowl?

Fun Fact: Ancient warriors used Aconitum to poison the water of their enemies, and it was also believed to be an ingredient in the potions and brews of witches during medieval times! This deadly beauty has a history as rich and intriguing as its appearance.

Appearance and Characteristics

Aconitum, or Monkshood, is a perennial plant renowned for its beautiful, helmet-shaped flowers and deeply lobed, dark green foliage. These plants can grow anywhere from 2 to 4 feet in height, boasting tall, erect spikes of blue, purple, white, or yellow flowers. The beauty of Monkshood makes it a desired ornamental plant, but gardeners should be aware that every part of the plant, especially the tuberous roots, contains toxic alkaloids.

General Requirements
Botanical Name	Aconitum
Family	Ranunculaceae
Hardiness Zones	3 - 8 (USDA)
Plant Type	Perennial
Mature Size	H: 2 - 4' S: 1 - 2'
Light Requirements	Full Sun, Partial Sun
Season of Interest	Summer (Mid, Late)

Planting and Care

When to Plant: Best planted in spring or early autumn.
Soil Preparation: Loosen the soil to about 12 inches deep and mix in a 2- to 4-inch layer of compost.
Spacing: Plant Monkshood tubers or young plants 18 to 24 inches apart.
Watering: Regular watering is essential, especially in dry periods. However, ensure the soil doesn’t become waterlogged.
Feeding: A light application of general-purpose, granular fertilizer in spring will suffice.
Pruning: While not essential, removing spent flowers will encourage a bushier growth.

Perfect Settings for Growth

Monkshood thrives in areas where it can get morning sunlight but is protected from the harsh afternoon sun. Locations with dappled shade, such as under trees with open canopies, work well. It particularly loves regions with cool summers, making it suitable for woodland or cottage gardens.

Potential Challenges

Toxicity: Be cautious; Monkshood is toxic when ingested. Use gloves during handling and ensure it’s out of reach of pets and children.
Pests and Diseases: Though generally hardy, Monkshood can sometimes be a target for aphids. Insecticidal soaps or neem oil can be used if needed.
Legginess: If planted in too much shade, Monkshood may become leggy. Ensure it gets adequate light.

Noteworthy Species and Cultivars

Aconitum napellus: Often referred to as the “common Monkshood”, it showcases vibrant blue flowers.

Aconitum carmichaelii ‘Arendsii’: Boasts deep blue flowers and is a favorite for late summer blooms.

Aconitum napellus ‘Carneum’: This variant showcases a softer pink hue, which stands out among the typical blue and purple varieties.

Aconitum napellus ‘Album’: This cultivar boasts pristine white flowers.

Conclusion

Aconitum, with its distinctive blooms and rich history, can be a highlight in many garden settings. Although its beauty is unquestionable, gardeners should be cautious due to its toxic nature. Given the right conditions and care, Monkshood will provide a beautiful display in the garden year after year.